近日，英国约克大学Máté Farkas团队报道了在每个维度上最大的与设备无关的随机性。该研究于2026年1月13日发表在《自然—物理学》杂志上。

众多科学与安全协议都依赖于不可预测且私密的随机数源。设备无关量子随机数生成是一种利用量子过程内在随机性、基于当前物理认知产生本质上不可预测随机数的框架。然而，量子系统的控制难度使得设备无关协议的实际实施面临挑战。因此，如何充分利用可控量子自由度成为重要研究方向。

已知对于局部维度为d的量子系统，可提取的私有设备无关随机数上限为2log(d)比特。研究组通过构建一系列明确协议，证明该上限对所有维度d均可实现。为达成此目标，他们发展了新型认证技术——在自检验无法完全实现或不切实际的应用场景中，该技术对设备无关领域具有更广泛的适用价值。

附：英文原文

Title: Maximal device-independent randomness in every dimension

Author: Farkas, Máté, Voli, Jurij, Storgaard, Sigurd A. L., Chen, Ranyiliu, Maninska, Laura

Issue&Volume: 2026-01-13

Abstract: Many scientific and security protocols rely on sources of unpredictable and private random numbers. Device-independent quantum random number generation is a framework that makes use of the intrinsic randomness of quantum processes to generate numbers that are fundamentally unpredictable according to our current understanding of physics. However, the difficulty of controlling quantum systems makes it challenging to carry out device-independent protocols in practice. It is, therefore, desirable to harness the full power of the quantum degrees of freedom that one can control. It is known that no more than 2log(d)bits of private device-independent randomness can be extracted from a quantum system of local dimension d. Here we demonstrate that this bound can be achieved for all d by providing a family of explicit protocols. To obtain our result, we develop certification techniques that may be of wider interest in device-independent applications for scenarios in which complete certification by self-testing is impossible or impractical.

DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03141-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-03141-y