近日，365体育投注:物理所相忠诚团队研究了78量子位处理器上随机多极驱动的预热化。相关论文于2026年1月28日发表在《自然》杂志上。

随时间变化的驱动为探索未受驱动系统中不存在的非平衡多体物理现象提供了可能。然而，驱动引发的加热效应通常会使系统失稳，这种效应在周期性驱动体系中可通过高频参数化调控加以抑制。对于高度可控的量子模拟器能在多大程度上抑制非周期性驱动系统的加热效应，目前仍知之甚少。

研究组利用78量子比特超导量子处理器"Chuang-tzu 2.0"，首次实验观测到多体系统中由结构化随机驱动协议诱导的长寿命预热化相，该协议以n极时间关联为特征，且加热速率具有可调谐性。通过同时测量粒子数布居不平衡与子系统纠缠熵，研究组完整监测了超过1000个驱动周期内的加热全过程，并观察到预热化平台的存在。预热化寿命呈现"双重可调谐"特性：既可通过驱动频率调控，也可通过多极阶数调控；其寿命随频率呈现代数增长，且遵循2n+1的普适标度指数。

通过对不同子系统进行量子态层析，研究组展示了非均匀的空间纠缠分布特征，并观测到纠缠标度从面积律到体积律的跨越行为。该实验在二维构型中使用了78个量子比特与137个耦合器，其完整的远非平衡态加热动力学过程已超出张量网络数值技术的模拟能力。该研究彰显了超导量子处理器作为强大实验平台的潜力，为探索经典模拟面临严峻挑战的驱动系统中物质非平衡相及普适标度律开辟了新路径。

附：英文原文

Title: Prethermalization by random multipolar driving on a 78-qubit processor

Author: Liu, Zheng-He, Liu, Yu, Liang, Gui-Han, Deng, Cheng-Lin, Chen, Keyang, Shi, Yun-Hao, Li, Tian-Ming, Zhang, Lv, Chen, Bing-Jie, Fang, Cai-Ping, Feng, Daer, Gu, Xu-Yang, He, Yang, Huang, Kaixuan, Li, Hao, Liu, Hao-Tian, Li, Li, Mei, Zheng-Yang, Peng, Zhen-Yu, Song, Jia-Cheng, Wang, Ming-Chuan, Wang, Shuai-Li, Wang, Ziting, Xiao, Yongxi, Xu, Minke, Xu, Yue-Shan, Yan, Yu, Yu, Yi-Han, Yuan, Wei-Ping, Zhang, Jia-Chi, Zhao, Jun-Jie, Zhao, Kui, Zhou, Si-Yun, Wang, Zheng-An, Song, Xiaohui, Tian, Ye, Mintert, Florian, Knolle, Johannes, Moessner, Roderich, Zhang, Yu-Ran, Zhang, Pan, Xiang, Zhongcheng, Zheng, Dongning, Xu, Kai, Zhao, Hongzheng, Fan, Heng

Issue&Volume: 2026-01-28

Abstract: Time-dependent drives hold promise for realizing non-equilibrium many-body phenomena that are absent in undriven systems1,2,3. Yet, drive-induced heating normally destabilizes the systems4,5, which can be parametrically suppressed in the high-frequency regime by using periodic (Floquet) drives6,7. It remains largely unknown to what extent highly controllable quantum simulators can suppress heating in non-periodically driven systems. Here, using the 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor, Chuang-tzu 2.0, we report the experimental observation of long-lived prethermal phases in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, characterized by n-multipolar temporal correlations. By measuring both the particle imbalance and subsystem entanglement entropy, we monitor the entire heating process over 1,000 driving cycles and observe the existence of the prethermal plateau. The prethermal lifetime is ‘doubly tunable’: one way by driving frequency, the other way by multipolar order; it grows algebraically with the frequency with the universal scaling exponent 2n + 1. Using quantum-state tomography on different subsystems, we demonstrate a non-uniform spatial entanglement distribution and observe a crossover from area-law to volume-law entanglement scaling. With 78 qubits and 137 couplers in a two-dimensional configuration, the entire far-from-equilibrium heating dynamics are beyond the reach of simulation using tensor-network numerical techniques. Our work highlights superconducting quantum processors as a powerful platform for exploring universal scaling laws and non-equilibrium phases of matter in driven systems in regimes where classical simulation faces formidable challenges.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09977-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09977-x